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Study on the Properties of Wire Rope Grease Added with Lithium Grease
Liu Lijun,
Zhang Suixin,
Wang Yue,
Mao Jingjing,
Zhang Lijuan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
1-4
Received:
11 December 2018
Accepted:
25 December 2018
Published:
21 January 2019
Abstract: Hydrocarbon grease is used to lubricate and protect wire rope usually, but there are some problems have been found during lubricating process, such as high and low temperature working conditions resistance and waterproof performance and so on, in this paper we try to employ lithium grease to lubricate wire rope, according to the experiments, it comes a conclusion that lithium grease has the advantages which hydrocarbon grease doesn’t have by comparing the performance of both, the properties of wire rope grease have been successfully improved by adding some lithium grease, and the percentage of addition is a key factor.
Abstract: Hydrocarbon grease is used to lubricate and protect wire rope usually, but there are some problems have been found during lubricating process, such as high and low temperature working conditions resistance and waterproof performance and so on, in this paper we try to employ lithium grease to lubricate wire rope, according to the experiments, it com...
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Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Bottling Process and Required Safety During Bottling: A Case Study
Mohammad Shimul Hossain,
Mohammad Golam Muntasir Shehab,
Soumik Mahmood Leon,
Simanto Kumar Pal,
Rafsanjani Rafi,
Rashed Alom Emon,
Sujon Kumar Gain,
Mohammad Shaheen Shah
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
5-9
Received:
26 January 2019
Accepted:
13 March 2019
Published:
10 April 2019
Abstract: Energy security is very important in the current world. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is one of the significant energy sources. LPG can be produced from natural gas processing as well as crude oil refining. Now LPG is available in different sizes of cylinder. The bottling system of LPG in the cylinder is the main discussion topic of this paper. Safety requirement during bottling work is also explained in this research article. LPG cylinder can be filled in both automatically and manually. The automatic filling system is more secure and effective. A visible check of the cylinder is needed before refilling. Washing and drying are also conducted before filling if necessary. To avoid gas leakage from cylinder valve “O” ring must be checked before gas filling, if it is missing in valve must put it. After putting the cylinder body weight, modern machine carousel runs to fill the LP gas in the cylinder. The automatic carousel machine can fill several cylinders at a time. Cylinder checked by automatic weight checking scale to be ensured filling the stipulated value. After this to check the valve leak of LPG filled cylinder for security and safety. If all the process is positive, it is needed to put a safety cap on the cylinder valve and attach the thermo-sleeve for more safety. Then the filled cylinders are kept in the storage for distribution. The Personal Protection Equipment’s (PPEs) is must to wear during filling the cylinder.
Abstract: Energy security is very important in the current world. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is one of the significant energy sources. LPG can be produced from natural gas processing as well as crude oil refining. Now LPG is available in different sizes of cylinder. The bottling system of LPG in the cylinder is the main discussion topic of this paper. Saf...
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Effect of Pump Rate Penetration Sensitivity on Hydraulic Fracturing in Low Resistivity Reservoir
Harry Budiharjo Sulistyarso
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
10-16
Received:
19 February 2019
Accepted:
26 March 2019
Published:
18 April 2019
Abstract: Hydraulic fracturing is one of the stimulation methods to increase rock permeability. Hydraulic fracturing is commonly used in reservoir that have low permeability and wells which have a decline in production rate. In many cases, hydraulic fracturing show significant success which is marked by an increase in the production rates. In this paper, hydraulic fracturing will be conducted by observing the effects of pumping rates. A case example is taken from an oil well that has a low resistivity reservoir, which is HAP#532 well. This low resistivity causes the reservoir to have low permeability and small production rates. The scenario of hydraulic fracturing in HAP#532 well is done by using several different pumping rate sensitivity, start from 10 BPM, 20 BPM, and 30 BPM, as based on 15 BPM base case pumping rates to obtain the most optimal pumping rate. Therefore, it can be seen how much the effect of pumping rates on hydraulic fracturing. From three scenarios performed by using FracCADE and Prosper, author get the optimal pumping rate is 20 BPM. At this pumping rate, the fracture geometry obtained fracture half-length (Xf) is 213 ft, fracture height (hf) is 45.6 ft, fracture width (Wavg) is 0.56 inch, average permeability is 58.09 mD, and the production rate is 348 BOPD.
Abstract: Hydraulic fracturing is one of the stimulation methods to increase rock permeability. Hydraulic fracturing is commonly used in reservoir that have low permeability and wells which have a decline in production rate. In many cases, hydraulic fracturing show significant success which is marked by an increase in the production rates. In this paper, hyd...
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Flow Assurance Analyses for Optimum Pipeline Transportation of Gas for Use in CNG Vehicles in Nigeria
Igbojionu Anthony,
Anyadiegwu Charley,
Anyanwu Emmanuel,
Obah Boniface,
Ukwujiagu Chinedu,
Muonagor Chukwuemeka
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
17-28
Received:
21 March 2019
Accepted:
23 April 2019
Published:
23 May 2019
Abstract: The objective of this work is to conduct flow assurance analyses for optimum transportation of gas through pipelines for use in CNG vehicles in Nigeria. Port Harcourt – Owerri – Onitsha expressway is used as case. The work is for a pipeline network that would be laid from a gas treatment plant about 10km off the Port Harcourt - Owerri – Onitsha expressway to the five CNG refueling stations installed along the route for refilling the CNG vehicles. Flow assurance analyses include analyses on: condensate drop-out prevention; hydrate formation prevention; erosion prevention; slug formation tendency; and leak detection. They are performed to ensure that solids or liquids do not deposit in the pipeline. Condensate drop-out prevention analysis is conducted to determine the conditions within which hydrocarbon liquids would not form in the pipeline during the transportation of the gas. Hydrate formation is checked to establish the temperatures and pressures at which hydrate would not deposit in the pipeline. Erosion prevention analysis is performed to determine the velocity profile above which erosion cannot occur in the pipe. Slug formation tendency is evaluated to ensure that slugs do not form in the pipe. Pipeline leak is also checked by generating pressure profile that would govern the flow of gas in the pipe and help determine any possible leak of gas from the pipeline. The results of the analyses indicate that: liquid drop-out will not occur in the pipe if the temperature of the gas does not go below 65.73°F; once the temperature and pressure of the gas remain outside the hydrate curve, hydrate will not form in the pipe; the velocity profile along the pipe length is far higher than the erosional velocity therefore the possibility of erosion occurring in the pipe is highly minimal; slugs cannot form in the pipe since the fluid remains in single phase throughout the transportation in the pipe; with the pressure profile generated; leak detection is made easy by installing five pressure gauges at different lengths of the pipe and recording the expected pressures at these lengths. It is further observed from the work that these flow assurance parameters and tests are highly indispensable in gas transportation as the results of the analyses help the engineer to apply all precautionary measures to ensure that solids or liquids do not deposit in the pipeline. Recommendations are also made for the optimum operating conditions based on the flow assurance analyses.
Abstract: The objective of this work is to conduct flow assurance analyses for optimum transportation of gas through pipelines for use in CNG vehicles in Nigeria. Port Harcourt – Owerri – Onitsha expressway is used as case. The work is for a pipeline network that would be laid from a gas treatment plant about 10km off the Port Harcourt - Owerri – Onitsha exp...
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Research on Paraffin Deposition Law and Paraffin Removal-Prevention Technology of Rodless Lifting Wellbore
Yuan Wen,
Jiang Wei,
Wang Yang
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
29-33
Received:
7 April 2019
Accepted:
23 May 2019
Published:
13 June 2019
Abstract: The rodless lifting technology can overcome the shortcomings of rod and tube wear, high energy consumption and heavy maintenance workload in the lifting process of rod pumps, which is gradually being developed and adopted by major oil fields around the world. However, the paraffin deposition is coming more and more serious duo to non-sucker rod disturbance in wellbore and the relatively slow flow rate of well fluid, the production and maintenance cost are increasing, the pump inspection cycle is shortened, which creates a bottleneck for the further popularization of rodless lifting technology. Therefore, the research and development of rodless lifting oil well paraffin removal-prevention technology is great significance to the application and promotion of rodless lifting technology. Based on the study of paraffin deposition in oil wells, the effects of paraffin content, fluid flow rate, gelatin, wall temperature and other factors on paraffin deposition in crude oil are analyzed, to discuss the internal relationship. By the laboratory tests, the mathematical model of paraffin deposition in rodless lifting wellbore is obtained. Field tests were carried out to verify the paraffin control effect of the developed solid paraffin inhibitor matched with the paraffin deposition law and mathematical model of rodless lifting wellbore. Field tests show that the period of heat-free washing of rodless lifting wells is more than half a year after the application of solid paraffin inhibitors, and the effect of paraffin control is obvious. The research and development of paraffin removal and prevention technology is of great significance to the popularization and application of rodless lifting technology. The research and development of paraffin removal-prevention technology is important for the popularization and application of rodless lifting technology.
Abstract: The rodless lifting technology can overcome the shortcomings of rod and tube wear, high energy consumption and heavy maintenance workload in the lifting process of rod pumps, which is gradually being developed and adopted by major oil fields around the world. However, the paraffin deposition is coming more and more serious duo to non-sucker rod dis...
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